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<channel>
	<title>车聚网 &#187; 空气动力学</title>
	
	<link>https://www.autoju.com</link>
	<description>网聚汽车人的力量</description>
	
	
	
	
	<item>
		<title>这不科学！水滴形汽车是最好的空气动力学产物？｜聚技</title>
		<link>https://www.autoju.com/2016/12/21/135275/</link>
		
		
		
				<description><![CDATA[<blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 15px 25px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(1, 110, 53); white-space: normal; font-size: 13px; font-family: 微软雅黑; top: 0px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 24px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">引言 |&nbsp;</strong> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">汽车是集物理知识于大成的一门技术。</span></span></p>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left; line-height: 28.44px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">谈</span><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">到物理，小编就兴奋了。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">因为物理是集各种颠覆“三观”于大成的一门学科啊！</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">从当年的两个铁球同时落地，到没有摩擦力人根本就动不了等等，对当年年少无知的小编开启了新世界的大门。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">当小编第一次知道水滴形汽车的时候，内心再次懵逼，这不科学啊！头部这么肥大，尾部反而细小，这车开的起来吗？</span></p>
<p><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/10241482286219.jpg" style="float:none;" title="gic17412413.jpg"/></p>
<p><em style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 38.4384px; text-align: center; white-space: pre-wrap; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em><em style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; white-space: pre-wrap; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">后来直到小编学习了空气动力学才恍然大悟</span></em></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(60, 117, 45); line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一、汽车造型，得先从空气动力学聊起</span></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">空气动力学的发展史堪称是汽车造型的发展史，虽然造型设计千变万化，但原理上却是相通的。万变不离其宗，我们不妨还是通过空气动力学来对水滴形汽车设计抽丝剥茧。</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/37731482286219.jpg" title="W1 (2).jpg" style="text-align: center; white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“决心”是由剑桥大学学生设计的一款十分有趣的太阳能动力车。</span></em></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">以下是一些常见物体在移动过程中的风阻系数：</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/20441482286219.jpg" title="20161214071017.jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">风阻系数=风阻×2÷（空气密度×车正投影面积×车速平方），请不要忽视这看似相近的数据在油耗上带来的巨大差异——5L每百公里（120Km/h时），而且车速越高差异更大。</span></em></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">汽车行驶中要考虑多种力的影响，尤其是空气阻力，水滴形造型的来历正是基于此。关于空气阻力，这就好比我们游泳时，会明显感受到水从四面八方带来的阻力，难以向前。</span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></em></span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/2551482286219.jpg" title="W1 (3).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">自然界是神奇的，不知大家是否想过，水中的鱼多是前圆后尖的体型。</span></em></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在汽车设计上，我们认为空气阻力影响汽车造型主要体现在车头、发动机罩和车尾等造型上。发动机罩造型对整体造型的感官理解不会有太大影响，这里暂不表。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">对于车头和车尾，我们先来了解一下与这个造型息息相关的物理名词——“紊流”。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">紊流又称湍流，是流体的一种流动状态。当流速很小时，流体分层流动，互不混合；当流速增加到很大时，流线不再清楚可辨，流场中有许多小漩涡，也就是紊流。</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/75711482286219.jpg" title="W1 (4).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">紊流又称为乱流、扰流或湍流。</span></em><br/></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">从上图中我们可以直观地感受到紊流的无序性和扩散性，然而相对于外表，它的内在更加可怕——耗能性：除了粘性耗能外，还有更令人抓狂的由紊动产生附加切应力引起的耗能。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">简单来说，紊流会产生能耗，是汽车空气阻力的元凶。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">带着对空气阻力简单了解，我们再来剖析下车头和车尾造型。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(60, 117, 45); line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">二、</span></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong><strong style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(60, 117, 45); line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">车头造型</span></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">车头造型，划个重点，我们需要考虑形状、高度、边角（主要是车头上边缘与横向两侧的边角）三个部分。这里我们着重讲形状。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">不同与我们的理解，当车头呈垂直状态时，能够获得较小的风阻。当迎风面倾角增加到一定程度后，车头阻力系数不再发生变化。</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/4811482286219.jpg" title="W1 (5).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">此外，整体弧面的车头会比采用边角倒圆样式车头的气体阻力小。</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/38151482286219.jpg" title="W1 (6).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">除开以上两个方向上的造型要求，我们再来看看发动机盖与前风挡之间的关系。发动机盖与前风挡接触部位在运动时会产生紊流，一般我们的解决办法是增大二者之间的夹角，同时需要注意过度角的弧度设定。</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/14451482286219.jpg" title="W1 (7).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">综合以上三个方向的分析，在空气阻力面前，水滴形这种浑圆造型无疑是最佳选择。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(60, 117, 45); line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三、车尾造型</span></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">车身尾部造型则主要考虑：后风窗姿态、尾部造型、车尾高度和尾部横向收缩。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 27.027px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18.018px; text-align: justify; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: normal;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(1, 110, 53); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▎</span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></span></span>后风窗的斜度对气动阻力的影响较大，当斜度小于30时，阻力系数较小；</p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/29261482286219.jpg" title="W1 (8).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18.018px; line-height: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18.018px; text-align: justify; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: normal;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(1, 110, 53); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▎</span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></span>车身尾部造型样式可分为斜背式、快背式和直背式。后部造型与气流状态关系比较复杂，一般很难断言造型样式的优劣。但是理论上来讲，斜背式具有较小的气动阻力系数；</p>
<p style="text-align:center"><em style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 38.4384px; text-align: center; white-space: pre-wrap; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/T3aEEK52wZA80FiapyibNmJGBKxlicjSoJOLHvarc0SicDwlwMN7gjM4C5j0Hm0c0NrNHyjWoZmAV1rEm8V2iapYz1w/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.7174887892376681" data-w="892" src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/73261482286219.jpg" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;"/></em></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">说到这，大家应该就知道为什么三厢车比两厢车的空气阻力小了。</span></p>
<p><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/4891482286219.jpg" style="float:none;" title="W1 (10).jpg"/></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: pre-wrap; text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em></span><em style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: pre-wrap; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">两厢车会配备后雨刮，而三厢车没有，看来还是三厢车和空气动力学更配哦~</span></em><br/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18.018px; line-height: normal;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18.018px; text-align: justify; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: normal;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(1, 110, 53); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▎</span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></span>后车体的横向收缩。一定程度的后车体横向收缩对降低气动阻力系数有益，但是过多的收缩会引起气动阻力系数的增加。收缩程度要根据具体车型来确定收缩量。</p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(60, 117, 45); line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">四、</span></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span><strong style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(60, 117, 45); line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">水滴形汽车的那些事儿</span></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">要知道，汽车空气动力学造型从来都是一门实验学科。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">得益于风洞测试研究，德国飞艇工程师P.Jaray经过大量测试数据分析（1910s），找到解决形状阻神器——前圆后尖。</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/69911482286219.jpg" title="W1 (11).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">水滴形汽车的历史太悠久，老得大家都觉得应该丢到后备箱里区了。但历史这个东西啊，真是越读越有味！</span></em></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">基于实验数据分析，P.Jaray提出了流线短尾的J形车身造型。为了进一步降低风阻，在30年代初，德国Kamm教授又根据原有的车身造型，提出了K形车身。</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/30271482286220.jpg" title="W1 (12).jpg" style="text-align: center; white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上文中提到的“决心”太阳能车，就属于典型的K形汽车。</span></em></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">随着克拉斯勒汽车公司Air Flow概念诞生，全世界激起了一股流线型车身浪潮。虽然有设计师将流线型汽车和水滴形汽车分离开来，但在小编看来，早期的流线型汽车已然带着水滴形汽车的影子。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">如今追溯这一段变革似乎顺风顺水，其实不然，不说研究上走的弯路，在量产车型上也出现过设计“缺陷”。最为典型的就属甲壳虫汽车了。</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/14941482286220.jpg" title="W1 (14).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">现在看来，其实甲壳虫的空气动力学设计并不优秀，这款车尾部有着较大的气流涡区。但总体来说，这款车与J形车身造型还是有着一定的相似性</span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">K型车的代表之一是Persu Streamliner，这辆汽车是由罗马利亚天才汽车设计师Aurel Persu设计完成的。Persu Streamliner汽车不同于当时市面上的T型车，除开典型的水滴设计外，四轮还被包裹在水滴车身里，进一步降低了风阻。尽管这款车仅配备了1.4L，20匹马力的发动机，它依旧跑出了80Km/h的傲人成绩。</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/55021482286220.jpg" title="W1 (15).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">可惜的是，Aurel Persu的商业意识并不强烈，错过了产业化生产的机会，这台颇具传奇色彩的水滴形汽车实际上只造了一台。</span></em></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">历史的进程并没有因为K型车身的出现而停滞不前，随着各国科学家和汽车工程师们对空气动力学的研究，车身造型呈现出了多元化的发展。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">近些年关于水滴形汽车造型最有意思的当属丰田“汽车飞机”了。这款奇特的“飞机”正是采用了水滴形造型设计。</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/15791482286220.jpg" title="W1 (16).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">虽然还处在“专利”这张纸上，但我们还是得为丰田的这份大胆点个赞。</span></em></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(60, 117, 45); line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16.36px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">五、为什么市面上的水滴形汽车不多见？</span></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">既然水滴形汽车把空气玩的这么溜，为什么不是厂家眼中的香饽饽，反而楔型汽车风靡全球？</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">自然，水滴形汽车在民用级上还是有些弊端。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">万物有两面，搭上“民用”这条船，两面的差异更明显，恐怕“功不抵过”。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">虽然具备良好的空气动力学特性，能在动力、操控、油耗上带来很多好处，享受高速行驶（一般不低于70Km/h），但水滴的独特造型无法满足我们日常对空间的追求。试想一下，低矮的后排空间加上捉急的后备箱储物能力，会让多少用户对汽车望而却步。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/88121482286220.jpg" title="W1 (17).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">此外，虽然围绕车身的气流比较平顺，湍流阻力较小，但在高速行驶时会产生升力，降低车轮与地面的附着力，侧风稳定性会受到影响。虽然可以通过局部的造型改进来改善这个问题，但对于民用驾驶者来说，还是存在安全隐患。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(60, 117, 45); font-family: 微软雅黑; font-weight: bold; line-height: 38.4384px; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">六、着眼未来，水滴形汽车或许会杀个回马枪</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">设计并拥有两栖或者三栖汽车一直是人类的梦想之一。美国厂商 Edison2 曾在 2010 年开发了一款名为 VLC (Very Light Car)的概念车，虽然这款概念车并不具备多栖作业能力，但其飞行器一般的外形依然受到不少青睐。在2013年，新一代的 VLC 车身设计又延续了原有概念车的飞机型车身，整个车身呈水滴形，能将空气阻力减到最小。</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/51751482286220.jpg" title="W1 (18).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上文中丰田“汽车飞机”的造型与之有着异曲同工之妙。</span></em></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">尽管实用性遇到瓶颈，但水滴形设计在概念车上依然如火如荼，各大超跑也都有过类似设计元素。</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/72931482286220.jpg" title="W1 (19).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">AMG Vision Gran Turismo，水滴状的尾部是典型的奔驰跑车设计特征。</span></em></span></p>
<p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/48981482286220.jpg" title="W1 (20).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">柏莱士Bell&amp;Ross Aero GT，水滴形玻璃车顶。</span></em></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/62181482286220.jpg" title="W1 (21).jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</span></em></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 24px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">福特Shelby GR-1概念车是众多福特高性能轿车中的佼佼者。</span></em></span></p>
<section style="margin: 0.8em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; max-width: 100%; border-radius: 0.5em; text-align: center; color: white; display: inline-block; box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 0.2em 0.2em 0.1em; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(1, 110, 53);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">车聚小结：</strong></span></section>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">汽车车身造型实在奇妙，作为集合美学与科学于一身的产物，聊个三天三夜也不够。这就好比品酒，我们迷恋的不仅仅是那一杯下肚后的火辣，还有随之而来的历史感、技术感以及美感。水滴形汽车作为空气阻力优秀的代表可能在现今受到了一定的局限，但是随着汽车技术的发展，随着两栖或者三栖汽车的产生，这种造型是否会重获新生值得我们关注。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 176, 80); font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 0em;">欢迎加入车聚网读者微信群：请先添加微信号autojucom，并注明“我要入群”，之后我们将拉您入群，或加入QQ群：383683141。</span></p>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate>
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		<title>如风般奔跑，降低汽车风阻系数有多难？ &#124; 聚技</title>
		<link>https://www.autoju.com/2015/07/15/24563/</link>
		
		
		
				<description><![CDATA[<p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;">【<span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 28px;">引言&nbsp;</span>】像风一样奔跑，是很多人的梦想。其实，风阻系数也是衡量一部汽车武功高低的重要指标。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;">通常我们感觉空气是轻柔的，不过运动中的空气却充满了力量，速度越快力量越强。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;">例如，当一辆车以80km/h的速度行驶时，有60%的阻力来自空气阻力；而当速度攀升至200km/h，空气阻力几乎占所有行车阻力的85%。既然汽车在行驶中避免不了空气阻力，那么就需要采取一些措施疏导这些气流，并且利用它让车身稳定，还要尽可能带走发动机、刹车等产生的热量。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;">这就涉及到空气动力学专业。对于赛车来讲，空气动力学的作用是如何高效地疏导和利用这些气流，来为车辆提供充足的下压力，同时迅速带走发动机、制动系统产生的热量。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;">在民用汽车领域，空气动力学设计对车辆的动力效率、油耗、噪音和稳定性表现几个方面都有非常重要的作用。例如，风阻系数为0.27Cd的汽车和风阻系数为0.3Cd的车相比，前者比后者平均每百公里节油0.15升，按照家用车一年平均1.5万公里计算，则可节油20几升。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;">一、空气动力学在汽车上应用&nbsp;</span></strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;">20世纪20年代以前，人们对于汽车的空气动力学并没有具体的概念，不过20世纪早期出现的一些赛车，在某种程度上融入了尖形头部和其他一些流线型设计元素，从那时起汽车空气动力学设计开始有所发展。</span></p>
<p><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/81971436943838.jpg" title="1.jpg" width="550" height="329" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" style="white-space: normal; width: 550px; height: 329px;"/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">1921年，德国发明家爱德穆德·朗普勒设计出一款名为“Rumpler-Tropfen-auto”的汽车，即“泪滴车”。这款车风阻系数达到了惊人的0.27Cd。这是个什么概念？举几个现代车型的例子。不久前高调上市的“奢适宽体轿跑”凌渡风阻系数也仅为0.28Cd，同级别的速腾为0.32Cd（同一生产线的奥迪A3为0.29Cd）、灵感来自猎豹的马自达昂克赛拉为0.28Cd，刚上市的别克威朗则为0.27Cd。</span><br/></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;">之所以举这几款车型的例子，是因为这几款车都是目前消费者很关注的车型，更重要的原因是，这几款都是A+级别车型。在目前家用车中，A+级别的车型比其他级别更注重设计的流线性，即更注重风阻系数。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">通过对比，可想而知90年前“泪滴车”的风阻系数多么恐怖。因为即便现在，想降低风阻系数也并非易事，拿和“泪滴车”风阻系数相同的别克威朗来讲，设计师在设计这款车时，经过近2年的空气动力学研发过程，进行了大量的CFD流体仿真分析，前后共计经过近500次的优化以及超过200小时的风洞试验……不久前车聚君还在同济大学风洞中心，亲眼目睹了威朗的模拟空气阻力实验，听设计师讲关于对每个细节都反复优化，不明觉厉。</span><br/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/92411436943838.jpg" title="2.jpg" width="550" height="311" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" style="white-space: normal; width: 550px; height: 311px;"/></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">不过“泪滴车”外形有些怪异，超大的车身既不符合当时主流的审美，还容易发生交通事故，所以仅仅生产了100辆便销声匿迹。现在，仅存的两辆泪滴车分别被柏林科技博物馆和慕尼黑德意志博物馆永久收藏了。</span><br/></p>
<p><strong style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;">二、追求低风阻为何这么难？</span></strong><span style="line-height: 1.75em; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;">&nbsp;</span><br/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">首先我们来看一组风阻系数公式：</span><br/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">风阻系数（Cd）=正面风阻力（F）× 2÷(空气密度(ρ)x车头正面投影面积(A)x车速平方（V2）)。</span><br/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">从上面这个公式可以看出，要控制风阻系数的高低，较为容易改变的就是车的迎风面积。其实细心观察就会发现，无论是飞机还是小鸟，都是头尾圆润而尖细，因为这样通过气流时都能够让空气保持流线的状态，而不会被打乱形成较大的阻力，汽车应对风阻也是同样的道理。设计师为了减少空气阻力，一般将车头设计得略微下沉，前挡风玻璃向后倾，尽量与车头形成较大的夹角。</span><br/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">除了车头、挡风玻璃等正面的迎风面积产生的阻力之外，汽车尾部真空区也会形成一定的阻力，真空区越大，阻力就越大。为了减少真空区，理论上讲应该将车尾也设计的低沉平滑一些。</span><br/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">不过，风阻系数并非越低越好。虽然理论上讲风阻系数越低越有助于节油，但是对于一般消费者来讲，除了节油外，还要考虑车内的空间、行车时视野等因素。当然，对于车企来讲还要考虑设计制造难度和成本等问题。例如，很多车型并非一味追求风阻系数而将车尾设计得低沉，因为还要考虑下压力。</span><br/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/97571436943838.jpg" title="3.jpg" width="550" height="318" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" style="white-space: normal; width: 550px; height: 318px;"/></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">汽车依靠车轮与地面的摩擦实现行走，要靠下压力来实现稳定性。如果风阻系数过低，升力就会很明显。我们有时高速行驶时感觉车子发飘，一般认为是车身太轻了，但实际上很大一部分原因是下压力不够。因此一些赛车都加装了尾翼，目的就是增加下压力。一般民用车则不需要增加尾翼，但为了增加些下压力，往往将尾部设计得稍微上扬。</span><br/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">鱼和熊掌不可兼得，所以设计师们都在努力地找一个平衡点，这确实是件不太容易的事情。</span><br/></p>
<p><strong style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;">三、各车企如何降低风阻系数？&nbsp;</span></strong><br/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">正常行驶的车辆，大约35%-40%的空气从车身上面流过，约25%会从侧面流过，而10%-15%从车身底部流过。对于车身上面设计大同小异。不过对于侧面和底盘的设计确实有些差异的，具有代表性的有日韩车系和欧美车系。</span><br/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/82841436943839.jpg" title="4.jpg" width="550" height="355" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" style="white-space: normal; width: 550px; height: 355px;"/></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">很多日系车为了追求侧面的低风阻系数，采用三角楔形的车身设计，例如丰田的普锐斯和本田的飞度，普锐斯的风阻系数甚至达到0.25甚至小于很多跑车。之外，丰田普锐斯和凯美瑞还在车头和车尾下方装备了扰流翼，目的是在车辆高速行驶时理顺车身气流，以降低车身的摆动，起到降低风阻的作用。</span><br/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">韩国车具有代表性的便是现代的流体雕塑，这种设计既美观也迎合了空气动力学，使得其高速行驶时，车身上凸凹有致的线条能很好地引导气流，还能获得相应的下压力，让视觉美感和工业设计较好地融合在一起。</span><br/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/31861436943839.jpg" title="5.jpg" width="550" height="309" border="0" hspace="0" vspace="0" style="white-space: normal; width: 550px; height: 309px;"/></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">和日本、韩国不同，欧美的高速公路比较发达，德国的高速公路甚至不限速。所以在汽车设计之初，他们非常注重车身底部的空气阻力，因此他们也更注重底盘的设计。最常见的方法是尽可能让底盘平整，减少零部件之间的高度差。有的甚至在底盘下面加装护板，不过加装护板使得整车重量增加、成本上升，因此一般高端车型才会加装，例如奥迪A6、奔驰GLA等。</span><br/></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">除了护板以外还有其他办法，可在前保险杠下方加一块扰流板，通用和福特很多车型就是这么干的。还是举个威朗的例子，设计底盘时除了尽量减小零部件之间的高度差外，设计师还在威朗的前保底部设计了前保挡风板，这样与后方的发动机保护板空气动力学性能相互影响。你看，除了头部、侧身和尾部，还有很多细节都需要调整，才能够做出0.27Cd的低风阻系数。其实前保挡风板除了降低风阻之外，还一定程度上提升了底盘的安全性。</span><br/></p>
<p><strong style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;">车聚小结：</span></strong><br/></p>
<p style="line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; line-height: 1.75em;">空气动力学是一项及其复杂和高深的学科，无论是飞机、轮船还是汽车都与之有着密不可分的联系。在汽车方面大到整个车身，小到一个零部件都是影响空气阻力的因素。所以设计师在设计一款车时要经过几年的开发过程，且需要长达上千个小时不停地实验，经过反复地校正和优化，最终才能够设计出一款风阻系数较低且行驶比较稳定的车型。</span></p>
<p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="line-height: 1.75em; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;">欢迎加入车聚网读者微信群：请先添加微信号autojucom，并注明“我要入群”，之后我们将拉您入群，或加入QQ群：78384487。</span></p>
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