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<channel>
	<title>车聚网 &#187; 燃油税</title>
	
	<link>https://www.autoju.com</link>
	<description>网聚汽车人的力量</description>
	
	
	
	
	<item>
		<title>要变天？美国向电动车收燃油税！ &#124; 聚闻</title>
		<link>https://www.autoju.com/2017/03/11/148726/</link>
		
		
		
				<description><![CDATA[<blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 15px 25px; max-width: 100%; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(1, 110, 53); color: rgb(62, 62, 62); white-space: normal; font-size: 13px; font-family: 微软雅黑; top: 0px; line-height: 24px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">引</strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(68, 68, 68);">言 |&nbsp;</strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);">资本主义的日子也不好过</span></span></p>
</blockquote>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">当</span><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">我们还在为了电动车到底环不环保而争得面红耳赤的时候，美国人已经迎来了一个更为现实的问题：不烧油了，养路费怎么收？</span></span></p>
<p><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/12681489300137.jpg" style="float:none;" title="W1.jpg"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: normal;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(1, 110, 53); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▎</span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">电动车新政：胡萝卜变大棒</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">七年前，当以特斯拉Model S、日产Leaf、通用Volt为先驱的插电式电动车在美国开始兴起的时候，联邦政府给税务优惠，地方政府附和，一些电力公司在充电设施上也出台优惠政策，一路大开绿灯，各种胡萝卜吸引消费者。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">可七年之后，胡萝卜变成了大棒，这闹的是哪一出？</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2017新年伊始，美国密西根州的纯电动车车主收到了一份黑色的“大礼包”：两项附加费收费单。收费理由很奇葩，因为他们的爱车不用油！“享受”同样待遇的还有插电和混合动力车——因为节能导致用油少了，也要多交附加费，只不过交费金额没有燃油车那么多。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">按照这个新规定，纯电车年审时多交100美元附加费和35美元的燃油税，合计135美元；混合动力车（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">含插电</em>），如果配有4千瓦以上动力电池的，需多交30美元的附加费和17美元的汽油税，合计47美元。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; white-space: normal;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; color: rgb(1, 110, 53); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▎</span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">那常规汽车呢？</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">据密西根州政府发言人Gisgie Dávila Gendreau介绍，在密西根州，机动车年费平均为120美元，按照车辆的重量、价值和车龄等，有小幅度的差异。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">除了年费以外，还有一些其他的小额收费项目，比如个性车牌以及州立公园的门票等等，自愿选择，费用在5到11美元之间。按照密西根州的法律，车辆年检时无须检测尾气，也没有车辆安全检查，车主可以选择网上支付，注册完成以后将文件直接寄到家。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 2em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/92581489300137.jpg" title="W2.jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">换句话说，密西根电动汽车年审的费用，今年起翻了一番。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">其实在美国，这不是新鲜事情。在此之前，美国有好几个州已经率先拿电动车开刀了。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">仔细分析，这个看似惩罚电动车车主、阻碍电动车发展的新政，其背后反映出的是美国道路建设上一个十分尴尬的问题：节油与修路，矛盾越来越尖锐。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(60, 117, 45); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一、要修路，先收税</span></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">要了解这个问题，需要从美国的道路建设和养路费用说起。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">与中国公路建设采用的“贷款修路，收费还贷”的方式截然不同的是，美国采用的“以税建路，以税养路”的模式。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">美国的州际高速公路系统（interstate）建设起源于上世纪60年代，道路桥梁、机场、地铁轨道交通等公共设施，都是各个州和当地政府所有，为此专门有州级的交通部。联邦政府只负责国内很少的道路，主要是国立公园以及军事基地周边的交通道路，以及国有铁路。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 2em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/6151489300137.jpg" title="W3.jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这张图是2012年美国道路交通建设的资金来源。可以看出，联邦政府直接用于交通建设的费用不及其它两级政府的零头，而州以及地方政府除了有少部分联邦拨款，绝大部分的资金都要靠自筹。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在各级政府的资金来源上，联邦政府统一征收的燃油税占据了总收入的2/3，主要用在负责规划、环境评估、协调等。州级养路费用，大部分也是来自税收，具体标准包括车辆注册费用、燃油税等汽车相关的收入，由各州自己定。而负责地区局部道路的当地政府，由于无权征收燃油税，只能从别的渠道获得资金，比如房地产税。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">中国到处可见的收费公路，在美国并不常见。初略统计只有不到1万公里，占美国主要高速道路的3.6% 左右，集中在东部和中西部的几个州，西部和南部没有。这也是为什么美国高速公路叫freeway，因为无需付费。即使有收费的地方，金额也相对较低，所收取的资金，只占道路开支总金额的5%（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2015年数据</em>）。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 2em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/97011489300137.jpg" title="W4.jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲</em>红色代表收费公路</span></em></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(60, 117, 45); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">二、燃油税收逐年递减</span></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">尽管各级政府用于道路建设的资金来源有所差异，但燃油税收依然是最大的一块，占接近三分之一。可以说，离开了燃油税，公路的建设于维护就成了无源之水，无本之木。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 2em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/92941489300137.jpg" title="W5.jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">美国燃油税的收取，大部分是按照每加仑燃油固定税额收取的，与油价的高低无关。比如，目前执行的联邦政府燃油税标准（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">每加仑汽油18.4美分，柴油24.4美分</em>），是1993年制定的，20多年间一直没有调整过。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">按照官方的统计，1993年到2015年间，美国累计的通货膨胀率是64.6%，也就是说，2015年收到的税费，比制定标准的1993年少了四成。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 2em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/97301489300137.jpg" title="W6.jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">除此以外，燃油税征收总体金额也呈现下降的趋势，这里面有两个因素：经济环境与汽车节能技术发展。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">美国油价在2008年达到了历史新高之后，遭遇了全面金融危机，在高失业率的冲击之下，汽车销量跌入低谷，导致全美国汽车燃油使用总量的显著下降，税收也跟着缩水。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">随着经济的逐渐复苏，汽车销量开始攀升，原油价格也回复到相对稳定的较低水平，但是，汽车用油的总量还是呈现平稳向下的势头，这得益于奥巴马政府2012年推出的汽车环保法案，促使各家汽车公司加大节油科技的投入，各类汽车的经济性都获得了不同程度改善。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">为了直观比较上述两个因素的影响，车聚君以汽油为例，收集了美国自1975年以来的联邦燃油税，通货膨胀指数以及平均燃油经济性指标，计算出按照2016年价格为基准的单位里程税收额，可以看出显按照里程计算的平均燃油税是逐年降低的，就是说，在交通流量不变的条件下，政府在燃油税上的实际入账是减少的。这个也从总税收的数据得到验证。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 2em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/52331489300137.jpg" title="W7.jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">所以说，按照美国目前固定燃油税额的征收模式，长远呈现一个总体下行的趋势，与不断上升的道路建设与维护成本，形成了剪刀差，修路养路的资金缺口也越来越大。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">数据显示，美国1/9的公路桥梁存在各种安全隐患，原本设计使用寿命是50年，而目前桥梁的平均年龄是42年。作为一个典型的例子是，2007年8月1日，位于明尼苏达州境内I-35公路上跨越密西西比河的一座公路桥因年久失修而倒塌，造成了13人死亡，100多人受伤的严重事故。该桥建于1964年开始建造，1967年启用，期间经多次检查，发现了疲劳裂纹等问题，但由于资金的原因，原计划于2020年进行重建。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 2em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/36801489300137.jpg" title="W8.jpg" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 2em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/10511489300137.jpg" title="W9.jpg" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(60, 117, 45); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三、调整汽油税迫在眉睫</span></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">调整1993年制定的联邦燃油税的呼声与提案，一直不断，不过最终都是不了了之。连绵不断的惨案也没有能够促使增收联邦燃油税议案的通过，其中包括奥巴马政府去年提出的一揽子公路建设计划。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">特朗普在任期内会不会重新审议这个提案，目前还不得而知。不过他在竞选时提出大力加强基础设施建设，为其争得了不少的选票，不知道他能够兑现承诺。问题在于，联邦政府的投入资金来源，需要广开财路才行，全美国都在翘首以待。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">对于承担养路重任的各州及地方政府，面对各种道路建设欠账，已经不能再等待，于是不得不设法在州内立法。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">以密西根州为例<span style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: normal;">，2015</span>年密西根州立法通过新的税收方案<span style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: normal;">，</span>除了对电动车和节能的混动车增收附加税外<span style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: normal;">，</span>还宣布提高燃油税。<span style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">这</span>次涨价后的汽油和柴油税每加仑各增加7.3分和 11.3分，到达 26.3分，2022年后根据通货膨胀进行调整。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">汽车注册费也同期增加20%，每年创收4.6亿。这也是1983年以来首次大幅增加。按照每车每个月用50加仑汽油估算，即年行驶约12000英里/1.92万，每年额外增加的费用是44美元。加税之后，密西根汽油税的征收额在全美50个州里排行第18位。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">放眼美国，密西根州的新政不是首创。科罗拉多州、内布拉斯加州、北卡罗莱纳州、弗吉尼亚州和华盛顿州已经施行了类似的政策，乔治亚州、爱达荷州、怀俄明州等，也在最近加入了对混合动力和电动汽车收取额外费用的行列。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/68241489300137.jpg" title="W10.jpg" style="line-height: 32px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; float: none;"/></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(60, 117, 45); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">四、寻找解决问题的根本方案</span></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 2em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/15501489300137.jpg" title="W11.jpg" style="white-space: normal; float: none;"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">为了从根本上解决问题，最简单的办法其实就是向中国学习，把养路费与燃油税脱钩，采用谁使用，谁缴费的办法。更进一步，还可以按照车型细化，谁对公路的损伤越大的，收费越多。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">基于这个思路，美国从2015年开始施行“基于行驶里程的使用者付费方案（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">mileage based user fee</em>）”，首先试点的是俄勒冈州，当年7月起，在州内轻型车辆展开项目名为OReGO的试点工作，车主在车辆数据口安装一个用于记录车辆行驶里程、油耗以及GPS（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">可选</em>）的装置，数据自动传输到处理中心，每个月结算，按照每英里1.5美分的标准收取道路使用费，同时自动退还加油时收取的燃油税。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">施行一年以后，有1200名志愿者参与，距离当初预计的5000用户还有很大的差距。不过，85%的试验用户对这种方式给予了积极评价，而且试验用户中，75%选择了带有GPS的数据接口。有趣的是，大概100年前，第一个在全美国率先征收燃料税的也是俄勒冈州。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2016年9月，美国交通部下属的联邦高速公路管理机构拨款1400万美元，批准资助在加州、夏威夷、华盛顿等七个州开展的八个相关项目，对按照行驶里程收费的方法进行更大规模的试点，解决数据可靠性、跨州的数据采集与处理方法、车辆和驾驶员的多样化，以及可能出现的技术和法律问题。试点的规模各异，有几十到几千人不等，基本上都要求在2017至2018年完成，然后汇总分析，决定下一步是否继续或扩大试点。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">对于这一举措，质疑的声音也不少，最大的是对车主隐私权的担心，因为行车数据有包括出行的时间、地点、行驶速度等，很多公司或者政府机构都对这样数据有兴趣，虽然立法上对数据的采集和使用有严格的规定，但如何保障不会被滥用？</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">要知道，美国道路上红灯摄像头的安装都引来过很大的争议，采集每一辆车的行驶数据，更是很多人敏感的话题，强制执行起来的阻力和难度非常大。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(60, 117, 45); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 38.4384px; color: rgb(64, 118, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">五、电动车能否可持续发展</span></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 2em;"><img src="http://www.autoju.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/W122.jpg" title="W12.jpg"/></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2016年，美国汽车市场上插电式电动和混合动力车，同比取得了37%的整长，但总体上占比依然没有突破1%（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">仅0.9%</em>），在全球占比排名上继续下滑，未能进入前十，落后很多国家特别是欧洲国家。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">甚至，美国的新能源占比还没有中国高。2016年中国新能源汽车销量占比<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">达到了1.8%，</em>排名世界第十位－－这个比例正好是美国的2倍。此情此景下，美国再向新能源车开征附加税和燃油税，岂不是雪上加霜？</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">未必。美政府的增税方案，完全可以理解为是养路费，而不只是燃油税的表面意思。因为美国几乎不收过路费，地方政府又确实没钱修路了，不增加税收等于放任路面的破损和危险，对所有人的安全不利。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">另外，一年多收135美元的费用对特斯拉车主来说，影响甚微。这也不太会阻碍潜客购买电动车。那，美国的新能源汽车市场会高歌猛进吗？</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">也未必。因为真正的挑战在于：美国的激励政策也正在退坡。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">目前美国政府对插电式电车的最大优惠，是联邦政府2010年开始实施的最高可达7500美元的车主个人退税，获得这个退税的前提条件除了电池容量以外，还有生产商销售插电式电动车的总量未超过20万辆。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">按照规定，一旦达到20万辆，将自动触发退坡机制。即，触发后前半年退税减半，后半年再减半，满一年以后完全取消，减为零。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">截至2016年底，累计销售插电式电动车超过10万辆的有三家，分别是通用汽车（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">12.4万</em>）、日产（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10.4万</em>）和Tesla（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">11万</em>）。 按照目前的销售速度和新产品布局情况，估计最早在2018年第一季度，通用和Tesla 都将进入退坡程序。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">也就是说，最早一年以后，美国电动车将进入市场模式，电动车能否真正为普通百姓所接受，考验才真正开始。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">除了联邦退税政策，各州还有自己的优惠政策，相对于联邦政府来说相对小一些，最多的是科罗拉多州（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5000美元</em>），得克萨斯州（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3500美元</em>），马里兰州（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3000美元，2017年7月份到期</em>）康乃狄克州（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3000美元</em>），加州以及宾州（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2500美元</em>），以及纽约州（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2000美元</em>）等。除了税务上的优惠，在年审、行驶道路收费、充电桩等方面还有些鼓励政策。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">那未来几年，各种政策优惠减少之后，新能源车的真爱粉儿还有多少？</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); white-space: normal; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; max-width: 100%; border-radius: 0.5em; text-align: center; color: white; display: inline-block; box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 0.2em 0.2em 0.1em; font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(1, 110, 53);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">车聚小结：</strong></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">其实，中美在汽车发展的税费上、新能源的激励政策上，都有很多相似之处，也有明显差别。总的来说，可以互相借鉴。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">中国的高速公路以银行贷款为主，积极引入第三方资本，先集资修路，再以过路费的方式把贷款还上。这种方式可以有效的把民间资本和车主的费用汇集起来，结果是我国高速公路总里程在2014年就达到了11万公里，成为世界第一。2016年更是突破了13万公里，增速也是世界第一。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">商人出身的川普，显然注意到了这一点成功经验。他曾公开表示美国的高速公路应该“通过公共和私人的方式共同集资（<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">financed through both public and private capital</em>）”。下一步，川普还可以学习中国的“按油费比例收取燃油税”，而不是以一个固定值。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(89, 89, 89); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">当然，我们也可以向美国借鉴一些做法：比如减少或取消高速公路收费，而将部分修路费用合理的计入油费中，这样符合“谁用谁负担，多用多负担”的原则。类似的拥堵费也可参考该方式。最终目的是，减少不必要的出行和燃油消耗，增加新能源车及共享汽车的比例。</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); font-family: 微软雅黑, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">未来的出行方式越来越多元，需要中外上下一起探索前行。</span></p>
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]]></description>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov -0001 00:00:00 +0800</pubDate>
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